Research
What the published literature covers for each compound we sell. Every claim cites PubMed.
Compounds
- BPC-157A review of scientific research on BPC-157, a pentadecapeptide from gastric juice, covering cell, animal, and tissue models.
- TB-500A review of scientific research on TB-500, the synthetic peptide fragment derived from thymosin beta-4, in tissue and animal models.
- GHK-CuGHK-Cu is the copper complex of the tripeptide glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine, studied for cellular mechanisms in preclinical models.
- TesamorelinPublished research on tesamorelin, a growth hormone-releasing hormone analogue. Read studies on mechanisms and applications in research models.
- MOTS-cPublished research on MOTS-c, a mitochondrial-derived peptide. Explore studies on cellular mechanisms and biological processes in research models.
- What is BPC-157?BPC-157 is a synthetic 15-amino-acid pentadecapeptide with the sequence Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val (CAS 137525-51-0…
- What is Epitalon?Epitalon is a synthetic tetrapeptide composed of four amino acids (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) designed to match a sequence identified within pineal gland polypeptide…
- What is GHK-Cu?GHK-Cu is a 1:1 copper(II) coordination complex of the tripeptide Gly-His-Lys (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine), a 3-amino-acid peptide with molecular formula…
- What is ipamorelin?Ipamorelin is a synthetic 5-amino-acid pentapeptide with molecular formula C38H49N9O5 (molar mass 711.85 Da, CAS 170851-70-4).
- What is KPV?KPV is a tripeptide composed of 3 amino acids—lysine (K), proline (P), and valine (V)—with a molecular formula C14H26N4O3 and molar mass of approximately…
- What is MOTS-c?MOTS-c (mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA type-c) is a 16-amino-acid mitochondrial-derived peptide with sequence…
- What is NAD+?NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, oxidized form) is a dinucleotide coenzyme, not a peptide. It has a molecular formula of C21H27N7O14P2 with a molar…
- What is Semax?Semax is a 7-amino acid synthetic peptide with sequence Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro derived from residues 4-10 of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) plus a…
- What is SS-31?SS-31 is a synthetic tetrapeptide comprising 4 amino acid residues with sequence D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2, where Dmt denotes 2,6-dimethyltyrosine, a…
- What is TB-500?TB-500 is a synthetic 43-amino-acid peptide structurally identical to thymosin beta-4, a protein discovered in thymic tissue.
Comparisons
- BPC-157 vs TB-500A comparison of published research on BPC-157 and TB-500, examining structural differences, study models, and preclinical findings.
- GHK-Cu vs BPC-157GHK-Cu and BPC-157 are distinct peptides studied in different research contexts. This page compares their structure, models, and study types.
- MOTS-c vs TesamorelinCompare research on MOTS-c and tesamorelin: origins, mechanisms, studied model systems, and biological contexts explored in published literature.
- Epitalon vs FOXO4-DRI: How do these peptides differ?Epitalon and FOXO4-DRI are structurally distinct synthetic peptides with different origins, sequences, and molecular mechanisms studied in vitro.
- Ipamorelin vs CJC-1295: how do they differ?Ipamorelin and CJC-1295 are two distinct growth-hormone-releasing peptides that differ fundamentally in sequence length, chemical modifications, and…
- KPV vs BPC-157: how do they differ?KPV is a 3-amino-acid tripeptide (Lys-Pro-Val), while BPC-157 is a 15-amino-acid pentadecapeptide, differing fundamentally in size, origin, and research…
- MOTS-c vs SS-31: how do they differ?Two peptides arise from distinct origins and operate through fundamentally different mechanisms—MOTS-c, a 16-residue sequence encoded in the mitochondrial…
- NAD+ vs SS-31: how do they differ?Two molecules operate in mitochondrial systems through distinct mechanisms—NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), a small-molecule cofactor participating…
- Semax vs N-Acetyl Semax: How do they differ?Semax and N-Acetyl Semax are peptide variants differing in a single N-terminal modification. Semax carries a free N-terminal amino group, while N-Acetyl…
- TB-500 vs GHK-Cu: how do they differ?Two peptides differ substantially in size and composition: TB-500 is a 43-amino-acid fragment of thymosin beta-4, while GHK-Cu is a 3-residue…
Guides
- How long do peptides last unopened?Sealed lyophilized peptides stored at -20°C retain structural and chemical integrity for 24–36 months; at -80°C, the stable window extends to 5+ years.
- How should BPC-157 be stored?Sealed lyophilized BPC-157 maintains chemical integrity when stored at -20°C or colder in darkness, away from moisture.
- How do I read a peptide lab report?A peptide Certificate of Analysis (COA) or lab report documents identity and purity through standardized analytical measurements.
- Lyophilized vs liquid peptides: which form is more stable?Lyophilized peptides are generally more stable than liquid solutions at equivalent storage temperatures because water, the medium for most degradation…
- What does purity % on a COA mean?Purity percentage on a Certificate of Analysis (COA) reports the fractional abundance of the target peptide measured by analytical separation.
- What is HPLC testing?High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separates 5-10 distinct molecular components in a peptide sample by their retention time on a packed column…